Alexander was the son of Casimir, unlike his successor, he was crowned both King of Poland (1501) and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1492). Unlike his predecessor he found it necessary to placate the Aristocracy by new privileges known as Mielnik privileges by which the senate was granted exclusive right with the king to make decisions on significant state matters. The commons or lower house representative of the middle class gentry gaining power in Western Europe, were excluded by the noblemen in Poland. The gentry ultimately prevailed when the privilege Nihil Novi was adopted in 1505 by the Sejm in Radom. Henceforward new laws needed the consent of both the Senate and the Lower House Deputies or Sejm.

1501-1506